60 Tough Questions Muslim Apologists Can’t Answer Without Contradicting Themselves
"If the truth stands clear from error (Qur'an 2:256), then it should survive the sharpest questions."
This article presents 60 critical, logically structured questions that Muslim apologists struggle to answer without contradicting themselves, denying core Islamic teachings, or resorting to special pleading. Each question is backed by Qur'anic references, Hadiths, or historical facts, and covers areas such as theology, ethics, history, and scientific claims.
🔖 1–20: Core Contradictions in Revelation and Belief
If the Qur’an is fully detailed (6:114–115, 16:89), why are Hadiths needed to explain daily rituals like prayer and zakat?
If no one can change Allah's words (6:115), how do Muslims claim the Bible was corrupted?
Why does the Qur'an contradict itself on alcohol (e.g., 2:219 vs. 47:15)?
If Allah is all-powerful, why does He need angels or intermediaries (35:1)?
Why does Allah say He guides whom He wills (14:4) and yet punish people for disbelief?
Why are conflicting accounts of creation found (e.g., 7:54 vs. 41:9-12)?
Why does the Qur'an claim Mary is the sister of Aaron (19:28), confusing her with Miriam?
If Muhammad is the final prophet (33:40), why is Jesus returning (Hadith: Sahih Muslim 2937)?
Why did Muhammad forget parts of the Qur’an (Sahih Muslim 2286)?
Why does the Qur'an say the sun sets in a muddy spring (18:86)?
Why does the Qur'an describe sperm emerging from between the backbone and ribs (86:6-7)?
If Islam is universal, why is it embedded in 7th-century Arabian tribal context?
Why does Allah use "We" to refer to Himself, if He is one?
If Allah is beyond comprehension (6:103), how can Muslims describe His attributes in detail?
If Islam claims continuity with Judaism and Christianity, why are its core rituals absent from earlier scriptures?
If the Qur’an is eternal and uncreated, how can it be in a human language (Arabic), which is a created system?
Why do abrogated verses remain in the Qur’an (2:106, 16:101)?
Why does the Qur'an state Allah is the best deceiver (3:54)?
Why does Allah swear by things He created (e.g., fig in 95:1), as if needing to make oaths?
Why is Satan held accountable for refusing a command given to angels (7:11-12), when he is a jinn (18:50)?
🌐 21–40: Scientific, Historical, and Moral Issues
Why is there no archaeological or documentary evidence for Mecca as a major city before Islam?
Why does the Qur’an borrow embryological concepts from Galen (nutfah, alaqah)?
Why do Hadiths contradict the Qur'an (e.g., stoning for adultery vs. Qur'an 24:2)?
Why does Islam glorify military expansion (9:5, 9:29)?
If "there is no compulsion in religion" (2:256), why are apostates killed (Bukhari 9:84:57)?
Why are slaves and concubines permitted (4:24, 33:50)?
Why does Muhammad marry Safiyyah after killing her husband (Sahih Muslim 4430)?
Why did Muhammad approve assassinations of critics (e.g., Asma bint Marwan, Ibn Ishaq)?
Why are women given half the inheritance of men (4:11)?
Why is a woman’s testimony worth half of a man’s (2:282)?
Why are believers promised sexual rewards in Paradise (56:35-37)?
Why are boys described in Paradise (52:24) in erotic terms?
Why does Islamic law permit child marriage (65:4, Bukhari 5133)?
Why is wife-beating permitted in Qur'an 4:34?
If Sharia is divine, why do Islamic legal schools disagree?
Why do peaceful Muslims ignore Qur'an 9:5, 9:29, 8:12?
If Islam forbids innovation (bid'ah), why do mosques use electricity, clocks, and microphones?
If Qur'an is clear and perfect, why are tafsir needed?
Why is the moon split in Hadith but not verified historically (Bukhari 4864)?
Why did Muhammad think plague was not contagious (Bukhari 5779)?
⚖️ 41–60: Ethical, Logical, and Eschatological Dilemmas
Why does Allah need to test humans if He already knows the outcome (67:2)?
Why are children of non-Muslims sent to Hell according to classical scholars?
Why is the punishment for theft amputation (5:38), yet looting war booty is permitted?
Why are Muslim-majority countries among the most corrupt, despite the claim Islam is perfect?
Why are there no neutral or contemporary sources confirming Muhammad's prophethood?
Why did early Muslims destroy divergent texts of the Qur'an (per al-Bukhari 4987)?
Why do Hadiths contain bizarre claims like Adam being 60 cubits tall (Bukhari 3326)?
Why is Hell eternal for finite crimes (4:56)?
Why does Allah create people for Hell (7:179, 32:13)?
Why does Islam allow temporary marriage (mut'ah), then ban it (Shia vs. Sunni)?
Why are non-Muslims classified as najis (impure) in classical fiqh?
Why does Islam promise Paradise for killing and being killed (9:111)?
Why do Muslim reformers reinterpret verses to fit modern morality, if the Qur'an is timeless?
Why does Islam rely on circular reasoning ("Qur'an is true because it says it is")?
Why must Arabic be used in prayer if Allah understands all languages?
Why did Muhammad perform black magic (Bukhari 5763)?
Why is Satan blamed for everything, despite Allah controlling all things (4:78)?
Why are all prophets said to have preached Islam, though history shows otherwise?
Why are wine and music prohibited on Earth but allowed in Paradise? (56:7, 52:23)
If Islam is the final truth, why did it come 600 years after Jesus and not sooner?
✍️ Conclusion
These 60 questions expose the contradictions, historical gaps, moral failings, and epistemological crises within mainstream Islam. Defenders must either reinterpret foundational texts beyond recognition, reject well-attested Hadith, or abandon reasoned inquiry altogether.
Truth withstands scrutiny. If Islam cannot answer these questions without contradiction, it is not the truth.
Sources:
Qur’an translations: Sahih International, Yusuf Ali
Sahih al-Bukhari, Sahih Muslim, Sunan Abu Dawood
Ibn Ishaq, "Sirat Rasul Allah"
Al-Tabari, "History of the Prophets and Kings"
Al-Ghazali, Ibn Taymiyyah, Al-Nawawi (classical scholars)
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